Estructura y construcción del invernadero.
La función principal de un invernadero es proteger cultivos valiosos de las condiciones exteriores — prolongar la temporada de cultivo dejando pasar a la vez la luz solar esencial.
Protegiendo sus valiosos cultivos
Desde sus modestos comienzos como protección frente a factores externos, los invernaderos neerlandeses se han convertido en instalaciones de cultivo de alta tecnología. Los avances tecnológicos hacen posible cultivar fuera de temporada y abastecer de alimentos y flores a mercados de todo el mundo, todos los días del año.
Con las mejoras en los sistemas de clima, cultivo, riego y automatización, la construcción misma ha mejorado enormemente para facilitarlos y protegerlos. Los avances en la construcción mejoran directamente el control climático, especialmente en instalaciones grandes diseñadas para captar la máxima luz.
Una construcción completa, desde la cimentación
Como la mayoría de los edificios, la estructura del invernadero consta de cinco componentes principales: cimentaciones, marcos estructurales, revestimiento, ventanas de ventilación y sistemas de drenaje — construidos con hormigón, acero y aluminio, y cubiertos con vidrio, paneles sándwich o policarbonato.
La construcción neerlandesa está repleta de elementos polivalentes. El típico tejado en forma de V hace también las veces de sistema de evacuación de agua de lluvia, totalmente integrado en la estructura; el propio revestimiento forma parte del canalón.
Cómo se construye un invernadero.
La secuencia de construcción de la estructura del invernadero, paso a paso.
1. Foundation
Every structure starts with a foundation. In most cases a lightweight foundation suffices: boreholes and a perimeter tie-beam, filled with concrete and prefabricated steel foundation posts.
Foundation →
2. Steel + aluminium + ventilation
Before erecting the steel structure, the ventilation mechanism is mounted to the trusses. The aluminium gutter between trusses is a critical structural element, erected together with the steel.
Steel structure →
3–4. Rainwater + service building
Weather is anticipated during construction: rainwater is managed before the roof goes on. The sandwich-panel service building is built first, enabling material storage and early installation work.
Service building →
5–6. Glass covering + insect netting
Glass roof covering and ventilation windows are installed simultaneously; sidewalls follow after the roof. Insect netting closes the sequence — finished before screening works commence.
Glass covering →Componentes estructurales en detalle.
Foundation
Boreholes, tie-beams and steel posts
Steel Structure
The sub-structure, engineered per load zone
Aluminium System
Gutters and glazing bars as structure
Ventilation Mechanism
Opening roof panels, insect-proof
Insect Netting
Keeping pests out, air flowing
Glass Covering
Glass, polycarbonate or sandwich panels
Service Building
The operational heart of the facility
Rainwater Collection
The roof as integrated water system
Preguntas sobre la construcción de invernaderos
What is the primary function of a greenhouse structure?
To shield crops from external elements while permitting essential sunlight to reach the plants — a barrier against harsh weather that maintains an environment conducive to growth.
What are Dutch greenhouses made of?
Durable materials: concrete, steel and aluminium for the framework, enclosed with glass, sandwich panels or polycarbonate.
Which materials are used for the structural elements?
Concrete for the foundation, steel for the sub-structure and aluminium for the super-structure — robust and functional.
How is the greenhouse structure built?
Foundation first, then the steel structure with aluminium gutters and ventilation mechanisms, integrated rainwater management, a sandwich-panel service building, and finally glass, ventilation windows, sidewalls and insect netting.
¿Quiere saber más sobre las estructuras de invernadero?
Nuestros ingenieros analizan con gusto las opciones estructurales de su proyecto.
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