{
  "name": "DutchGreenhouses Knowledge Graph",
  "publisher": {
    "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/#organization"
  },
  "generated": "2026-07-20T08:43:21.176Z",
  "entities": [
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ar-coating#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "AR Coating",
      "description": "An AR (anti-reflective) coating is a surface treatment that reduces reflection losses of greenhouse glass, raising light transmission by roughly 3–4% per treated surface and compounding directly into yield.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ar-coating"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/absolute-humidity-ah#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Absolute Humidity (AH)",
      "description": "Absolute Humidity (AH) is the actual water vapor content of greenhouse air expressed per unit mass of dry air or volume, used to manage moisture balance and condensation risk.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/absolute-humidity-ah"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/adiabatic-cooling#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Adiabatic Cooling",
      "description": "Adiabatic cooling is the reduction of air sensible temperature by evaporating water into the airstream, converting sensible heat to latent heat while total air enthalpy remains essentially constant.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/adiabatic-cooling"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/air-handling-unit#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Air Handling Unit (AHU)",
      "description": "An air handling unit conditions greenhouse air actively — heating, cooling or dehumidifying with outside air or coils — enabling climate control in semi-closed greenhouses beyond what vents and screens achieve.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/air-handling-unit"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/glazing-bar#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Aluminium Glazing Bar",
      "description": "An aluminium glazing bar is the extruded profile that holds the roof and facade glass, incorporating condensation grooves that channel interior moisture to the gutter instead of dripping on the crop.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/glazing-bar"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ambient-temperature#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Ambient Temperature",
      "description": "Ambient temperature is the dry-bulb air temperature inside the greenhouse air space, measured near the crop and used as the primary control variable for heating, ventilation, and humidity calculations.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ambient-temperature"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/bay-and-span#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Bay and Span",
      "description": "Bay and span define the structural grid of a greenhouse: the span is the distance between column rows (commonly 8, 9.6 or 12.8 m in Venlo designs) and the bay is the distance between trusses along the gutter (typically 4–5 m).",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/bay-and-span"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/beneficial-insects#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Beneficial Insects",
      "description": "Beneficial insects are predators and parasitoids — such as Encarsia, Phytoseiulus and Orius — released in the greenhouse to suppress pest populations as the foundation of IPM.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/beneficial-insects"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/biomass#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Biomass",
      "description": "Biomass is the accumulated organic mass of the crop in greenhouse production, expressed as fresh weight or dry matter, resulting from photosynthesis and allocation of assimilates.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/biomass"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/brix#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Brix",
      "description": "Brix is the percentage of soluble sugars in fruit juice, the standard objective measure of sweetness used in quality grading of tomatoes and strawberries.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/brix"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/bumblebee-pollination#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Bumblebee Pollination",
      "description": "Bumblebee pollination uses hives placed in the greenhouse to pollinate tomato and other flowering crops naturally — one of the reasons chemical crop protection must stay bee-safe.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/bumblebee-pollination"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/chp-cogeneration#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "CHP (Combined Heat and Power)",
      "description": "A CHP unit is a gas engine that simultaneously produces electricity, heat, and CO2 for dosing — the trio that made it the workhorse energy source of the Dutch greenhouse sector.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/chp-cogeneration"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/climate-computer#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Climate Computer",
      "description": "The climate computer is the central control system that integrates all greenhouse actuators — heating, vents, screens, lighting, irrigation, CO2 — executing the grower’s setpoints and strategies around the clock.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/climate-computer"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/column#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Column",
      "description": "Columns are the vertical steel members that carry the entire greenhouse roof structure, placed on a grid of spans and bays; their height sets the gutter height and their dimensioning follows wind, snow and installation loads.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/column"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/convection-energy#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Convection Energy",
      "description": "Convection energy is the heat flux exchanged between greenhouse air and internal surfaces driven by air movement and temperature differences, influencing the crop energy balance by heating or cooling leaves.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/convection-energy"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-cycle#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Crop Cycle",
      "description": "The crop cycle is the schedule from planting to final harvest and clean-out; high-wire vegetables commonly run one 11-month cycle per year with a short hygiene break.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-cycle"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-registration#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Crop Registration",
      "description": "Crop registration is the weekly measurement of growth parameters — head thickness, leaf length, flowering and fruit set — that tells the grower whether the crop is trending vegetative or generative.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-registration"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-steering#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Crop Steering",
      "description": "Crop steering is the deliberate use of climate, irrigation and plant-load actions to shift a crop’s balance between vegetative growth and generative fruit production.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-steering"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-wire#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Crop Wire",
      "description": "Crop wires are tensioned steel wires suspended from the trusses that carry the full weight of a high-wire crop such as tomatoes or cucumbers, making crop load an explicit part of the structural design.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/crop-wire"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/cultivation-gutter#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Cultivation Gutter",
      "description": "Cultivation gutters are suspended metal channels that carry substrate slabs at working height, collecting drain water for recycling and freeing the floor for logistics and hygiene.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/cultivation-gutter"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/daily-light-integral-dli#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Daily Light Integral (DLI)",
      "description": "Daily Light Integral (DLI) is the total amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) received by a crop canopy over 24 hours, representing daily photon input for photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in greenhouse production.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/daily-light-integral-dli"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dehumidification#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Dehumidification",
      "description": "Dehumidification is the controlled extraction of water vapor from greenhouse air to stabilize humidity, reduce leaf wetness, and support evaporative cooling through ventilation, AHU condensation, or sorption systems.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dehumidification"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/deleafing#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Deleafing",
      "description": "Deleafing is the routine removal of older leaves below the ripening fruit, improving light penetration, air movement and hygiene while steering the crop’s assimilate balance.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/deleafing"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dew-point-td#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Dew Point (Td)",
      "description": "Dew point is the temperature at which air with a given moisture content becomes saturated, causing condensation if cooled further. It informs condensation risk and climate control in greenhouses.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dew-point-td"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/diffuse-glass#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Diffuse Glass",
      "description": "Diffuse glass carries a light-scattering surface texture that converts direct sunlight into diffuse light, penetrating deeper into the canopy, lowering leaf temperature peaks and typically raising yield in light-loving crops.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/diffuse-glass"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dosing-unit#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Dosing Unit",
      "description": "The dosing unit is the machine that mixes concentrated A and B stock solutions and acid into irrigation water to a target EC and pH, controlled per valve section by the climate computer.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dosing-unit"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/drain-water#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Drain Water",
      "description": "Drain water is the fraction of irrigated nutrient solution that drains from the substrate — typically 20–40% by design — flushed to prevent salt accumulation and recaptured for recycling.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/drain-water"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/drip-irrigation#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Drip Irrigation",
      "description": "Drip irrigation delivers water and dissolved nutrients to each plant individually through pressure-compensated emitters, giving uniform dosing per plant across the greenhouse regardless of position in the irrigation line.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/drip-irrigation"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dry-matter-dm#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Dry Matter (DM)",
      "description": "Dry Matter (DM) is the plant tissue mass remaining after complete water removal, used in greenhouse diagnostics and models as a moisture-independent growth measure.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/dry-matter-dm"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ec-electrical-conductivity#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "EC (Electrical Conductivity)",
      "description": "EC is the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution in mS/cm, used as the practical measure of total dissolved fertilizer concentration in greenhouse irrigation and drain water.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ec-electrical-conductivity"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/en-13031#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "EN 13031",
      "description": "EN 13031 is the European standard for the structural design of commercial production greenhouses, defining load assumptions, safety factors and deflection limits distinct from general building codes.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/en-13031"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/energy-screens#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Energy Screens",
      "description": "Energy screens are materials or assemblies installed within a greenhouse to modulate infrared radiation, daylight, and air movement, reducing heat loss and controlling humidity.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/energy-screens"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/enthalpy#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Enthalpy",
      "description": "Enthalpy is the energy content of moist air, the sum of sensible heat in dry air and latent heat in water vapor, used in greenhouses to assess ventilation and cooling needs.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/enthalpy"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/fertigation#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Fertigation",
      "description": "Fertigation is the combined application of irrigation water and dissolved fertilizers in one stream, letting greenhouse growers steer nutrition per irrigation cycle instead of per season.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/fertigation"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/flue-gas-condenser#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Flue Gas Condenser",
      "description": "A flue gas condenser recovers latent heat from boiler or CHP exhaust by condensing its water vapor, raising total efficiency and cooling the flue gas ahead of CO2 dosing.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/flue-gas-condenser"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/foundation-pile#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Foundation Pile",
      "description": "A foundation pile is the cast-in-place or prefab concrete element that transfers greenhouse column loads to load-bearing soil layers; pile type and depth follow from the geotechnical survey of the building site.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/foundation-pile"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/gable-end#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Gable End",
      "description": "The gable ends are the vertical end facades of a greenhouse, closing the structure at both ends of the roof spans; they carry doors and logistics openings and are commonly clad in glass or polycarbonate.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/gable-end"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/galvanization#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Galvanization",
      "description": "Galvanization is the zinc coating applied to greenhouse steel — by hot-dip immersion for heavy sections — that protects the structure against corrosion in the permanently humid greenhouse climate over a multi-decade service life.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/galvanization"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/geothermal-energy#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Geothermal Energy",
      "description": "Geothermal energy taps hot water from deep aquifers (typically 2–3 km) to heat greenhouse clusters, providing baseload renewable heat independent of gas prices.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/geothermal-energy"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/grafting#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Grafting",
      "description": "Grafting joins a fruiting variety onto a vigorous rootstock, combining disease resistance and root power with fruit quality — standard in high-wire tomatoes and increasingly in cucumbers.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/grafting"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/grow-pipe#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Grow Pipe",
      "description": "The grow pipe is a secondary heating circuit positioned close to the crop head, used for fine temperature control and to activate the crop without loading the whole air volume.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/grow-pipe"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/gutter#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Gutter",
      "description": "The gutter is the aluminium or steel channel between roof slopes that collects rainwater for storage and drains condensation from the roof interior, while also acting as a structural member connecting trusses and carrying maintenance loads.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/gutter"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/gutter-height#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Gutter Height",
      "description": "Gutter height is the vertical distance from the greenhouse floor to the roof gutter. Greater height creates a larger climate buffer above the crop and room for screens, lighting and high-wire cultivation; modern production greenhouses typically run 6–8 m.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/gutter-height"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/hps-lighting#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "HPS Lighting",
      "description": "HPS lighting is supplemental lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps, the long-time greenhouse standard whose radiant heat is either a winter bonus or a cooling burden depending on climate.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/hps-lighting"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/haze-factor#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Haze Factor",
      "description": "The haze factor is the percentage of transmitted light that a greenhouse cover scatters rather than passes directly, quantifying the diffusing power of glass or coatings.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/haze-factor"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/heat-buffer#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Heat Buffer Tank",
      "description": "The heat buffer is an insulated hot-water tank that decouples heat production from heat demand, letting a boiler or CHP run for daytime CO2 dosing while the heat is stored for the night.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/heat-buffer"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/heat-pump#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Heat Pump",
      "description": "A heat pump upgrades low-temperature heat from air, water or ground sources to greenhouse heating temperature using electricity, central to fossil-free greenhouse energy concepts.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/heat-pump"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/humidity-deficit-hd#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Humidity Deficit (HD)",
      "description": "Humidity Deficit (HD) is the difference between the maximum possible absolute humidity at the current temperature and the actual absolute humidity, indicating the air’s capacity to absorb moisture.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/humidity-deficit-hd"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/integrated-pest-management#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "IPM (Integrated Pest Management)",
      "description": "IPM controls pests and diseases through prevention, monitoring and biological agents first, reserving selective chemical intervention as a last resort compatible with beneficial insects.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/integrated-pest-management"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/insect-netting-mesh#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Insect Netting Mesh Size",
      "description": "Insect netting mesh size is the opening dimension of vent screening, chosen per target pest (from thrips at ~0.19 mm upward); finer mesh excludes smaller insects but reduces ventilation capacity, which the vent design must compensate.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/insect-netting-mesh"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/interplanting#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Interplanting",
      "description": "Interplanting places young plants between the finishing crop before clean-out, trading a hygiene break for near-continuous production and year-round market supply.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/interplanting"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/led-toplighting#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "LED Toplighting",
      "description": "LED toplighting is supplemental crop lighting with light-emitting diodes above the canopy, delivering more µmol per joule than HPS with steerable spectrum and far less radiant heat.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/led-toplighting"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/latent-heat#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Latent Heat",
      "description": "Latent heat is the energy involved in phase changes of water that alters air enthalpy without changing dry-bulb temperature in greenhouses.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/latent-heat"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/leaf-area-index-lai#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Leaf Area Index (LAI)",
      "description": "Leaf Area Index (LAI) is the leaf area per unit ground area used in greenhouse radiation and growth models to estimate photosynthetically active radiation interception by the canopy.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/leaf-area-index-lai"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/light-transmission#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Light Transmission",
      "description": "Light transmission is the share of outside light that passes through the greenhouse cover to the crop, measured hemispherically; the industry rule of thumb holds that every 1% more light yields roughly 1% more production.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/light-transmission"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/mechanical-cooling-hvac#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Mechanical Cooling (HVAC)",
      "description": "Mechanical cooling uses active systems like vapor-compression chillers and heat pumps to remove heat and moisture from greenhouse air or provide root-zone cooling, enabling precise climate control beyond ventilation and evaporative methods.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/mechanical-cooling-hvac"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/nutrient-solution#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Nutrient Solution",
      "description": "The nutrient solution is the complete mix of water and all essential plant nutrients delivered through the irrigation system, formulated per crop and growth stage as a recipe of macro- and micro-elements.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/nutrient-solution"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/par-photosynthetically-active-radiation#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)",
      "description": "PAR is the portion of light in the 400–700 nm range used by plants for photosynthesis, measured as photon flux density at the crop canopy.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/par-photosynthetically-active-radiation"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ppfd#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "PPFD",
      "description": "PPFD is the photosynthetic photon flux density in µmol/m²/s — the instantaneous rate of PAR photons reaching the crop, the unit in which lighting installations are specified.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ppfd"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/photoperiod#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Photoperiod",
      "description": "Photoperiod is the daily light dark cycle that plants perceive to time developmental transitions such as flowering and growth, controlled through supplemental lighting and darkening methods in greenhouse production.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/photoperiod"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/pipe-rail-heating#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Pipe Rail Heating",
      "description": "Pipe rail heating is the primary heating circuit of steel pipes at floor level between crop rows, doubling as rails for harvest and crop-care trolleys — the standard heating and internal transport system in Dutch greenhouses.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/pipe-rail-heating"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/plant-load#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Plant Load",
      "description": "Plant load is the number of developing fruits a crop carries per square meter; balancing it against available light is the daily craft of keeping a crop generative without exhausting it.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/plant-load"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/polycarbonate#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Polycarbonate Cladding",
      "description": "Polycarbonate cladding is multi-wall plastic sheeting used on greenhouse facades and gable ends, trading some light transmission for insulation value and impact resistance.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/polycarbonate"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/propagation#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Propagation",
      "description": "Propagation is the raising of young plants from seed or cutting at a specialized nursery, delivering uniform, disease-free starting material at the agreed planting date.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/propagation"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/purlin#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Purlin",
      "description": "A purlin is a longitudinal structural member connecting trusses along the length of a greenhouse, supporting the aluminium glazing bars and transferring roof loads into the main steel structure.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/purlin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/rack-and-pinion#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Rack-and-Pinion Mechanism",
      "description": "The rack-and-pinion mechanism is the gear drive that converts the rotation of a vent motor’s driveshaft into the precise opening and closing of roof vents via push-pull tubes running through the greenhouse.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/rack-and-pinion"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/rainwater-basin#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Rainwater Basin",
      "description": "The rainwater basin stores roof-collected rainwater — the preferred irrigation source at near-zero sodium — sized per climate so that storage bridges dry periods, commonly 500–1,500 m³ per hectare.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/rainwater-basin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/relative-humidity-rh#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Relative Humidity (RH)",
      "description": "Relative Humidity (RH) is the percent ratio of actual water vapor in greenhouse air to the maximum it can hold at the current air temperature.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/relative-humidity-rh"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/respiration#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Respiration",
      "description": "Respiration in greenhouse crops is the mitochondrial oxidation of carbohydrates that releases CO2 and provides ATP for growth and maintenance, including growth and maintenance respiration.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/respiration"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/reverse-osmosis#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Reverse Osmosis (RO)",
      "description": "Reverse osmosis is membrane filtration that removes salts, notably sodium, from source water; it upgrades poor-quality well or surface water to irrigation standard where rainwater is insufficient.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/reverse-osmosis"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ridge#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Ridge",
      "description": "The ridge is the apex line of a greenhouse roof section; together with the gutter height it defines the roof slope — around 22–23° in a Venlo roof — which governs light incidence, condensation drainage and snow shedding.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ridge"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/roof-vent#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Roof Vent",
      "description": "Roof vents are the hinged glass sections along the ridge of a greenhouse roof — continuous or alternating per bay — whose opening angle and total vent area determine the natural ventilation capacity of the structure.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/roof-vent"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/screen-installation#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Screen Installation",
      "description": "A screen installation is the horizontal wire bed and drive system mounted under the trusses that opens and closes energy, shade or blackout cloths across the full greenhouse area, sealing against gutters and facades when closed.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/screen-installation"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/sensible-heat#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Sensible Heat",
      "description": "Sensible heat is the portion of greenhouse air enthalpy tied to dry-bulb temperature, representing energy needed to raise or lower air temperature without phase change.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/sensible-heat"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/shelf-life#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Shelf Life",
      "description": "Shelf life is the time harvested produce keeps its saleable quality; in greenhouse crops it is steered before harvest through climate, irrigation and plant balance, not only after it.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/shelf-life"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/stem-density#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Stem Density",
      "description": "Stem density is the number of productive stems per square meter, steered through planting density and extra-stem retention to match light availability across the season.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/stem-density"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/rockwool#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Stone Wool Slab",
      "description": "Stone wool slabs are spun-mineral-fibre substrate blocks used in hydroponic vegetable production, prized for their uniform water distribution and complete control over the root environment.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/rockwool"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/substrate#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Substrate",
      "description": "Substrate is the soilless growing medium — stone wool, coco coir or perlite — that anchors greenhouse crops and buffers water and nutrients, replacing soil for hygiene and control.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/substrate"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/tempered-glass#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Tempered Glass",
      "description": "Tempered glass is heat-treated safety glass used for greenhouse roofs, several times stronger than float glass against hail and handling impact, breaking into granular fragments rather than shards.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/tempered-glass"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/thermal-mass#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Thermal Mass",
      "description": "Thermal mass is the heat storage capacity of structural or substrate components that absorb and release energy to moderate temperature fluctuations in greenhouses.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/thermal-mass"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/transpiration-et#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Transpiration (ET)",
      "description": "Transpiration in greenhouse contexts is the movement of water vapor from plant tissues into the surrounding air, driven by stomatal conductance and environmental conditions, and it is a major component of the crop water balance.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/transpiration-et"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/truss#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Truss (Trellis Girder)",
      "description": "A truss is the horizontal lattice girder spanning between columns in a greenhouse structure, carrying the roof, crop wires, screen installations and technical installations while keeping the growing area free of intermediate supports.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/truss"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/u-value#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "U-Value",
      "description": "U-Value is the overall heat transfer coefficient of greenhouse glazing systems, representing heat transfer rate through the cover under a temperature difference, used to predict heat loss and inform energy budgeting.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/u-value"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/uv-disinfection#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "UV Disinfection",
      "description": "UV disinfection treats recirculated drain water with high-intensity ultraviolet light to destroy plant pathogens before the water is dosed back into the irrigation system.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/uv-disinfection"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/vapor-pressure-deficit-vpd#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD)",
      "description": "Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the difference between saturation vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure in greenhouse air, expressed in kPa, used to estimate transpiration potential and guide climate control.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/vapor-pressure-deficit-vpd"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/venlo-greenhouse#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Venlo Greenhouse",
      "description": "The Venlo greenhouse is the Dutch-developed glass greenhouse type that dominates modern horticulture: a repeating multi-ridge roof of small glass panes on a gutter-connected steel structure, engineered for maximum light transmission with minimal structural shadow.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/venlo-greenhouse"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/widespan-greenhouse#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Widespan Greenhouse",
      "description": "A widespan greenhouse carries one large roof span per bay instead of the Venlo’s multiple small ridges, giving fewer gutters and larger vent areas — chosen where heavy snow loads, specific crops, or maximum roof ventilation drive the design.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/widespan-greenhouse"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/wind-and-snow-load#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "Wind and Snow Load",
      "description": "Wind and snow loads are the governing external design loads for a greenhouse structure, set by the building location’s climate; they determine steel dimensioning and are calculated per the EN 13031 greenhouse standard.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/wind-and-snow-load"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ph#term",
      "type": "DefinedTerm",
      "name": "pH",
      "description": "pH expresses the acidity of the nutrient solution; greenhouse crops typically run 5.5–6.0 in the root zone, the window in which all nutrients stay chemically available for uptake.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary/ph"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary#termset",
      "type": "DefinedTermSet",
      "name": "Greenhouse Horticulture Glossary",
      "description": "Curated greenhouse climate, cultivation and technology terms.",
      "url": "https://dutchgreenhouses.com/glossary"
    }
  ]
}